Normal physiological secretions consist of cervical mucus secretions with exfoliated epidermal cells, normal vaginal bacteria, and vaginal discharge. Under the action of estrogen, the non-horny multilayered scaly epidermis of the vagina is rich in glycogen. The glycogen in the shedding cells provides the substrate for Lactobacillus, and Lactobacillus converts glucose to lactic acid, creating an acidic vaginal environment (typically pH 4.0 to 4.5). This acidic environment helps maintain a normal vaginal flora and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Patients with vaginitis often experience abnormal vaginal discharge and are accompanied by one or more of the following nonspecific vaginal and exogenous symptoms:

・ Changes in the amount, color or smell of secretions
・ Itching
・ Burning sensation
・ Stimulation
・ Redness
・ Sexual intercourse pain
・ Vaginal bleeding
・ Pain in urination

・ It is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age, accounting for approximately 40% to 50% of all vaginitis cases.
・ This condition is characterized by a shift in the vaginal microbiota from a Lactobacillus-dominant environment to a more diverse population of organisms, including anaerobic bacteria. Such alterations lead to an elevated vaginal pH and may result in a clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic presentation to distressing symptoms, including abnormal discharge and malodor.
・ Potential long-term health effects include an increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (including HIV) and an elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-term birth.

Who is prone to bacterial vaginosis?
・ Sex related — related to having multiple sexual partners (whether male or female), having a new sexual partner, and improper use of insurance coverage
・ Vaginal Irrigation:‍Destroys normal vaginal bacteria
・ Smoking
・ High-fat diet
・ Body Mass Index (BMI) — Women with overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m²) and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) are more prone to bacterial vaginosis than women with a normal BMI (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m²)
‍
‍

・ It is the second most common cause of infectious vaginitis, second only to bacterial vaginosis, accounting for approximately one-third of all vaginitis cases.
・ One of the most common causes of vaginal itching and discharge. The disease is characterized by inflammation caused by the presence of candidiasis, which causes common symptoms of vaginitis, such as itching and redness.
・ The incidence of Vaginal Candidiasis is highest among women of reproductive age.

Who is prone to Vaginal Candidiasis?
・ Poorly controlled diabetes
・ Use of antibiotics: especially broad-spectrum antibiotics, which significantly increase the risk such as during pregnancy or with hormone therapy
・ Immunosuppression: e.g., patients using corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications.
・ Genetic factors: Studies indicate that certain genes influence susceptibility to Vaginal Candidiasis
‍
‍

・ A genitourinary infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.
・ It is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide.
・ Proper condom use can effectively reduce the risk of trichomoniasis.

WWho is at higher risk of trichomoniasis?
・ Having multiple sexual partners
・ A history of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
・ Previous trichomonas infection
・ Engaging in sexual activity without proper condom use

Some non-infectious factors may also cause symptoms such as vaginal burning, redness, and abnormal discharge:

・ Allergic reactions
・ Chemical irritants (e.g., soaps or vaginal cleansers) or foreign bodies (e.g., tampons, intrauterine devices) antibiotic use
・ Low estrogen levels (e.g., menopause)
・ Pregnancy
・ Contraceptive methods
・ Dermatological conditions
・ Systemic medical diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus)

Keep your private place clean and dry
・ Use warm water to clean the vagina or special cleaning products for mildly acidic private areas
・ Avoid the use of irritating chemicals (such as soap, vaginal cleanser)
・ Clean the vagina daily and keep it dry

Avoid excessive cleaning
・ The vagina has a self-cleaning mechanism. Excessive washing will destroy normal bacteria
・ DO NOT WASH THE VAGINA TO AVOID FLUSHING OUT LACTIC ACID BACTERIA

Keep your vagina dry and breathable
・ Wear breathable panties
・ Choose cotton panties to avoid wearing clothes that are too tight

Wipe back and forth after using the toilet
・ To avoid bringing bacteria from the anus to the vagina

Balanced diet
・ Maintain a normal BMI
・ Supplements folic acid, high fiber, vitamin E and calcium
・ Avoid high-fat and high-sugar foods
・ Regular fasting, boosting immunity
・ Safety behavior, proper use of the insurance cover
・ Supplementation of vaginal-related probiotics

・ If there are abnormalities in the secretion, or itching, burning, pain, etc., discomfort, etc., you should immediately check with your doctor to find out the cause and prescribe medication for the symptoms.
・ Do not judge the condition for the use of medicines yourself, otherwise there may be difficulties in future treatment due to delayed treatment or improper use of medication.